◆ Seat lab · Constitution Art. 75 · Organic Law n° 002/2026.OL Arts. 84–85
Fifty-three seats,
one constituency.
53 of the Chamber's 80 deputies are elected by every voter at once, from closed national lists, by proportional representation. A list needs 5% of the valid votes to take part; the seats are then shared by the electoral quotient and the largest remainders. Below are the National Electoral Commission's final figures for 15 July 2024: change a rule and watch the 53 move.
- Votes to pass
- —
- Electoral quotient
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- Seats by whole quotients
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- Votes electing no one
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- Gallagher index
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| List | Votes | Share | Rounded | Exact | Seats | vs 2024 |
|---|
Share: of 8,901,453 valid votes. Rounded: the share to a whole per cent, as the NEC rounded it. Exact: the seats each qualifying list would get in exact proportion. ✕: below the threshold.
The seats after the whole quotients, one at a time
| Seat | Won by | Remainder | Next best |
|---|
Votes: NEC final results (22 July 2024), 8,901,453 valid list votes. With the NEC's whole-per-cent rounding the lab reproduces the proclaimed 53 exactly; read literally, the statute gives a different chamber (below).
Article 85, step by step · 2024
From 8,901,453 votes
to 53 seats.
- 1 · Independents first (Art. 84)
An independent candidate with at least 5% of the valid votes takes one seat, and only one. In 2024 the one independent, Janvier Nsengiyumva (ind.), had 19,051 votes (0.21%), and took none.
- 2 · The threshold (Art. 85(2))
Only lists with at least 5% of the valid votes cast take part: 445,073 votes read literally. Ishyaka Ntangarugero muri demokarasi (PDI) (4.61%), Ishyaka riharanira demokarasi no kurengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda (DGPR-Green Party) (4.56%), Ishyaka ry'Imberakuri riharanira imibereho myiza (PS Imberakuri) (4.51%) were below that, yet each was given seats: the NEC rounded each list's share to a whole per cent before applying the test, so 4.5% counted as 5% (400,566 votes). The law does not mention rounding; the NEC applied the same practice in 2018, as reported in the press at the time.
- 3 · The electoral quotient (Art. 85(2))
The votes of the qualifying lists, 8,882,402, divided by the 53 seats: 167,592 votes per seat (a Hare quota).
- 4 · Whole quotients (Art. 85(1))
Each list takes one seat for every whole quotient: 50 seats.
- RPF 36 (36.56)
- PL 4 (4.60)
- PSD 4 (4.58)
- PDI 2 (2.45)
- Green Party 2 (2.42)
- PS Imberakuri 2 (2.40)
- 5 · Largest remainders (Art. 85(2)–(3))
The 3 seats left go to the lists with the largest remainders, one each; a tie for the last seat goes to the list with more votes.
Seat Won by Remainder (seats) 51 PL 0.600 52 PSD 0.577 53 RPF 0.556 - 6 · Down the list (closed lists)
Each list's seats go to its candidates in the order the party filed them; voters choose a list, not a name. The RPF-Inkotanyi list carried five partner parties (PDC, PPC, PSR, PSP and UDPR), whose candidates sit in its 37 seats.
Same 2024 votes, other rules
The rounding
moves 6 seats.
Read literally, the 5% rule would have shut out three lists with 13.9% of the valid votes between them, and the RPF-Inkotanyi list would have taken 43 of 53. The columns use the NEC's rounding except the first.
| List | Share | Proclaimed | 5% literal | Droop | D'Hondt | Sainte-Laguë |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RPF | 68.83% | 37 | 43 | 37 | 39 | 37 |
| PL | 8.66% | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| PSD | 8.62% | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| PDI | 4.61% | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Green Party | 4.56% | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| PS Imberakuri | 4.51% | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Janvier Nsengiyumva (ind.) | 0.21% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hare with largest remainders is the statutory method (Hare, largest remainder (statutory)). D'Hondt favours the largest list; Sainte-Laguë and Hare are closer to exact proportionality. Disproportionality (Gallagher index): proclaimed 1.44, literal 5% 10.37.
The whole chamber · Constitution Art. 75(1)
53 + 24 + 2 + 1
= 80 deputies.
- National lists · 53
Universal direct suffrage, closed lists or independents, one national constituency, 5% threshold (above).
- Women · 24
Elected by electoral colleges in each province and the City of Kigali, the day after the general poll (below).
- Youth · 2
Elected by the National Youth Council's college: Executive committees of the National Youth Council at national and district level.
- Disability · 1
Elected by the National Council of Persons with Disabilities' college: Executive committees of the National Council of Persons with Disabilities at national, province/Kigali and district level, plus its sector coordinators.
The Constitution sets a floor: at least 30% of deputies must be women (Art. 75(3)), 24 of 80. The 24 reserved seats meet it alone; with the 25 women elected on the lists and 2 in the youth and disability seats, 51 of 80 sitting deputies are women (63.75%).
16 July 2024 · the 24 women's seats
Five colleges,
24 seats.
The women's seats are shared among the provinces and Kigali City. In each, a college of executive committees of the National Women's Council at every level, sector councils, the district councils of the province and the Council of the City of Kigali votes by secret ballot; each elector may mark as many names as there are seats, and the women with most votes are elected.
| Province | Seats | College | Voted | Candidates | Elected (votes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Province Intara y'Amajyaruguru | 4 | 24,082 | 23,894 | 33 | UWAMURERA Olive (18,959) · MUKARUSAGARA Eliane (18,956) · NDANGIZA Madina (17,690) · IZERE Ingrid Marie Parfaite (17,519) |
| Southern Province Intara y'Amajyepfo | 6 | 31,222 | 30,672 | 60 | TUMUSHIME Francine (23,651) · UWUMUREMYI Marie Claire (22,576) · UWABABYEYI Jeannette (21,919) · KAYITESI Sarah (20,965) · MUKABALISA Germaine (20,404) · TUMUKUNDE Hope Gasatura (20,153) |
| Eastern Province Intara y'Iburasirazuba | 6 | 32,511 | 31,905 | 46 | KAZARWA Gertrude (19,760) · MUSHIMIYIMANA Lydia (19,625) · KANYANDEKWE Christine (18,724) · MUKAMANA Alphonsine (18,391) · UWINGABE Solange (18,367) · MUKARUGWIZA Judith (17,630) |
| Western Province Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 6 | 31,497 | 31,229 | 44 | INGABIRE Aline (22,558) · MUKANDEKEZI Francoise (20,805) · NYIRABAZAYIRE Angelique (20,433) · MUZANA Alice (19,009) · SIBOBUGINGO Gloriose (18,846) · UWAMURERA Salama (16,838) |
| Kigali City Umujyi wa Kigali | 2 | 10,226 | 9,510 | 16 | KANYANGE Phoebe (7,864) · GIHANA Donatha (7,228) |
Names as the NEC prints them (SURNAME Given). Seats per province as proclaimed; the NEC's report gives slightly different college sizes for the South and West in one table, and we use the result rows. Changes since 2024: Parliament →