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✶ Republic of Indonesia · Presidential republic · as of 5 November 2026

From the palace
to the village.

One directly elected President heads both the state and the government and names every minister. Laws need both the President and the House of Representatives. Below them sit 38 provinces, 514 regencies and cities, 7.285 districts and 83.762 villages and urban wards — most of them led by people their residents elect.

Who holds office · 5 November 2026

Heads of state,
chambers, courts and watchdogs.

  • President Presiden Republik Indonesia Prabowo Subianto Since 20 October 2024 · Gerindra Head of state and of government (UUD 1945 Art. 4). Elected 14 Feb 2024 in the first round with 58.59% (KPU decree 504/2024); five-year term, at most two (Art. 7). presidenri.go.id ↗
  • Vice-President Wakil Presiden Gibran Rakabuming Raka Since 20 October 2024 Elected on the same ticket. Eligible at 36 under Constitutional Court ruling 90/PUU-XXI/2023 (former mayor of Surakarta). No party membership since leaving PDI-P in 2024. wapresri.go.id ↗
  • Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) Ketua Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Ahmad Muzani Since 3 October 2024 · Gerindra Chairs the joint body of all 732 DPR and DPD members for 2024–2029; opened the 14 Aug 2026 annual session. mpr.go.id ↗
  • Speaker of the House of Representatives (DPR) Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Puan Maharani Since 1 October 2024 · PDI-P Second term as Speaker (first 2019–2024). By law (UU 17/2014 as amended, MD3) the Speaker comes from the party with most seats. dpr.go.id ↗
  • Speaker of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Sultan Bachtiar Najamudin Since 2 October 2024 Senator for Bengkulu; elected chair with 95 of 151 votes. DPD members run without party labels. dpd.go.id ↗
  • Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (MA) Ketua Mahkamah Agung Sunarto Since 22 October 2024 Elected by the justices on 16 Oct 2024; sworn in before the President (Keppres 136/P/2024). setneg.go.id ↗
  • Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court (MK) Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi Suhartoyo Since 13 November 2023 Elected by the justices on 9 Nov 2023 after the Honour Council removed Anwar Usman as chief (2/MKMK/L/11/2023); deputy: Saldi Isra. mkri.id ↗
  • Chair of the Judicial Commission (KY) Ketua Komisi Yudisial Abdul Chair Ramadhan † Since 19 December 2025 Chair for the first half of the 2025–2030 commission, whose seven members were sworn in before the President on 19 Dec 2025. setneg.go.id ↗
  • Chair of the General Elections Commission (KPU) Ketua Komisi Pemilihan Umum Mochammad Afifuddin Since 4 July 2024 Acting chair after DKPP dismissed Hasyim Asy'ari (3 Jul 2024), later confirmed; commission term 2022–2027. kpu.go.id ↗
  • Chair of the Elections Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) Ketua Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Rahmat Bagja Since 12 April 2022 Term 2022–2027. bawaslu.go.id ↗
  • Chair of the Election Organisers' Honour Council (DKPP) Ketua Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu Heddy Lugito † Since 15 September 2022 Ethics tribunal for KPU and Bawaslu members. Start date from the 2022–2027 council; still chair in April 2026 (one source). dkpp.go.id ↗
  • Chair of the Audit Board (BPK) Ketua Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Isma Yatun Since 26 October 2022 Re-chosen by the board on 18 Oct 2024 (deputy: Budi Prijono). Audits state aid to parties every year. bpk.go.id ↗

† From a single source; not confirmed on the institution's own site. KPU and Bawaslu chairs have no Commons portrait whose file names them, so they show initials.

Photos: All public domain. Via Wikimedia Commons.

Top to root · five levels of government

Who is elected,
who is appointed.

Pick an office or a body. Indonesia is a unitary state (UUD 1945 Art. 1(1)), but since 1999 most public services have been devolved to the regencies and cities, and since 2005 governors, regents and mayors have been chosen by direct vote. Districts and urban wards are run by appointed civil servants; villages elect their own heads.

National Pusat

Province Provinsi

Regency / city Kabupaten / Kota

District Kecamatan

Village / ward Desa / Kelurahan

Directly elected Appointed, or chosen by another body

President and Vice-President

President and Vice-President

Presiden dan Wakil Presiden

Who
Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka (since 20 Oct 2024)
Elected
Elected together as a pair by direct popular vote. To win in the first round a pair needs more than 50% of the national vote and at least 20% in each of more than half the provinces; otherwise the top two go to a run-off. Pairs are nominated by parties; since MK ruling 62/PUU-XXII/2024 (2 Jan 2025) there is no longer a seat or vote threshold to nominate.
Term
5 years; re-electable once (two terms in total)

Powers

  • Head of state and head of government; holds executive power under the Constitution
  • Appoints and dismisses ministers, who answer to the President, not to parliament
  • Proposes bills to the DPR and must jointly approve every law with it
  • Issues government regulations (PP) and, in emergencies, Perppu that the DPR must later approve
  • Supreme commander of the army, navy and air force; declares war and makes treaties with DPR approval
  • Grants clemency (with MA advice) and amnesty/abolition (with DPR advice)

Basis UUD 1945 Arts. 4–7, 6A, 10–17, 20, 22; UU 7/2017 Art. 416

pusdik.mkri.id ↗ pasal.id ↗

Counts under Kepmendagri No. 300.2.2-2430 Tahun 2025 (23 June 2025), as transcribed by the open cahyadsn/wilayah dataset ↗ (secondary; the official annex was not read). BPS's village census, Podes 2024, counts 7.281 districts, 75.753 villages and 8.486 wards.

Asymmetric autonomy

Where the tree
bends.

Four regions are governed under laws of their own. Elsewhere the same structure applies from Sumatra to Maluku.

† Papua: the noken point rests on secondary sources.

UUD 1945 Arts. 4–7, 6A

A President
chosen by the voters.

The President and Vice-President run as a pair and are elected directly. A pair wins in the first round with more than 50% of the national vote and at least 20% in each of more than half the provinces (Art. 6A(3)); otherwise the two leading pairs meet in a run-off (6A(4)). Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka won in the first round on 14 February 2024 and took office on 20 October 2024.

A term is five years, and a President may be re-elected once (Art. 7, since the first amendment in 1999). Candidates must be at least 40, or have held an office won at an election (Constitutional Court ruling 90/PUU-XXI/2023). Pairs are nominated by parties or coalitions; since ruling 62/PUU-XXII/2024 every contesting party may nominate, with no seat or vote threshold. What the old 20% rule meant →

Powers

Head of state
and of government.

  • Head of state and head of government; holds executive power under the Constitution
  • Appoints and dismisses ministers, who answer to the President, not to parliament
  • Proposes bills to the DPR and must jointly approve every law with it
  • Issues government regulations (PP) and, in emergencies, Perppu that the DPR must later approve
  • Supreme commander of the army, navy and air force; declares war and makes treaties with DPR approval
  • Grants clemency (with MA advice) and amnesty/abolition (with DPR advice)

Basis UUD 1945 Arts. 4–7, 6A, 10–17, 20, 22; UU 7/2017 Art. 416 · UUD 1945 (MK edition) ↗

Impeachment · UUD 1945 Arts. 7A–7B

Three bodies must agree to remove a President

Before 2002 the MPR could remove a President on its own, as it removed Abdurrahman Wahid in 2001. Since the third amendment the DPR must first convince the Constitutional Court.

Step 1 of 5 · UUD 1945 Art. 7A

Grounds

The President or Vice-President may be removed only for treason, corruption, bribery, another serious crime or disgraceful conduct, or for no longer meeting the conditions of office. Policy disagreement is not a ground.

Kabinet Merah Putih · sworn in 21 October 2024

Forty-nine posts,
forty-eight people.

Ministers answer to the President, not to parliament, and are appointed and dismissed at will (Art. 17). The cabinet grew to 49 ministerial posts after UU 61/2024 lifted the old cap of 34 ministries; 48 people hold them, because Bahlil Lahadalia is both Coordinating Minister for Downstreaming and Energy Transition and Minister of Energy. Every DPR party except PDI-P has members in it.

Coordinating ministers 8

Each coordinates a cluster of ministries for the President.

  • Dudung Abdurachman Political and Security Affairs Menteri Koordinator Bidang Politik dan Keamanan
  • Yusril Ihza Mahendra Law, Human Rights, Immigration and Corrections Menteri Koordinator Bidang Hukum, Hak Asasi Manusia, Imigrasi, dan Pemasyarakatan
  • Airlangga Hartarto Economic Affairs Menteri Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian
  • Sugiono Human Development and Culture Menteri Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan
  • Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono Infrastructure and Regional Development Menteri Koordinator Bidang Infrastruktur dan Pembangunan Kewilayahan
  • Muhaimin Iskandar Community Empowerment Menteri Koordinator Bidang Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
  • Zulkifli Hasan Food Menteri Koordinator Bidang Pangan
  • Bahlil Lahadalia Downstreaming and Energy Transition Menteri Koordinator Bidang Hilirisasi dan Transisi Energi

State, home affairs, foreign affairs and defence 7

  • Prasetyo Hadi State Secretary Menteri Sekretaris Negara
  • Tito Karnavian Home Affairs Menteri Dalam Negeri
  • Arrmanatha Nasir Foreign Affairs Menteri Luar Negeri
  • Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin Defence Menteri Pertahanan
  • Meutya Hafid Communication and Digital Affairs Menteri Komunikasi dan Digital
  • Rini Widyantini Civil Service and Bureaucratic Reform Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi
  • Rachmat Pambudy National Development Planning (Bappenas) Menteri Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional

Law, rights and religion 5

  • Supratman Andi Agtas Law Menteri Hukum
  • Natalius Pigai Human Rights Menteri Hak Asasi Manusia
  • Agus Andrianto Immigration and Corrections Menteri Imigrasi dan Pemasyarakatan
  • Nasaruddin Umar Religious Affairs Menteri Agama
  • Mochamad Irfan Yusuf Hajj and Umrah Menteri Haji dan Umrah

Economy, finance and trade 11

  • Suahasil Nazara Finance Menteri Keuangan
  • Muhammad Sarmuji Industry Menteri Perindustrian
  • Budi Santoso Trade Menteri Perdagangan
  • Bahlil Lahadalia Energy and Mineral Resources Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral
  • Rosan Roeslani Investment and Downstreaming Menteri Investasi dan Hilirisasi
  • Ferry Juliantono Cooperatives Menteri Koperasi
  • Maman Abdurrahman Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Menteri Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah
  • Widiyanti Putri Wardhana Tourism Menteri Pariwisata
  • Teuku Riefky Harsya Creative Economy Menteri Ekonomi Kreatif
  • Yassierli Manpower Menteri Ketenagakerjaan
  • Mukhtarudin Protection of Migrant Workers Menteri Pelindungan Pekerja Migran

Education, health and welfare 8

  • Abdul Mu’ti Primary and Secondary Education Menteri Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah
  • Brian Yuliarto Higher Education, Science and Technology Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains, dan Teknologi
  • Fadli Zon Culture Menteri Kebudayaan
  • Budi Gunadi Sadikin Health Menteri Kesehatan
  • Saifullah Yusuf Social Affairs Menteri Sosial
  • Wihaji Population and Family Development Menteri Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Keluarga
  • Arifatul Choiri Fauzi Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak
  • Erick Thohir Youth and Sports Menteri Pemuda dan Olahraga

Infrastructure, land, food and environment 10

  • Dody Hanggodo Public Works Menteri Pekerjaan Umum
  • Maruarar Sirait Housing and Settlements Menteri Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman
  • Dudy Purwagandhi Transport Menteri Perhubungan
  • Yandri Susanto Villages and Disadvantaged Regions Menteri Desa dan Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal
  • Iftitah Sulaiman Suryanagara Transmigration Menteri Transmigrasi
  • Nusron Wahid Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang
  • Amran Sulaiman Agriculture Menteri Pertanian
  • Sakti Wahyu Trenggono Marine Affairs and Fisheries Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan
  • Raja Juli Antoni Forestry Menteri Kehutanan
  • Jumhur Hidayat Environment Menteri Lingkungan Hidup

Officials with ministerial rank 11

Heads of agencies who sit with the cabinet; not counted among the 49 posts.

  • ST Burhanuddin Attorney General Jaksa Agung
  • Agus Subiyanto Commander of the Armed Forces (TNI) Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia
  • Suyudi Ario Seto Chief of the National Police Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia
  • Muhammad Herindra Head of State Intelligence (BIN) Kepala Badan Intelijen Negara
  • Ariyo Windutomo Presidential Chief of Staff (acting) Kepala Staf Kepresidenan
  • Syahganda Nainggolan Head of Government Communication Kepala Badan Komunikasi Pemerintah
  • Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan Chair of the National Economic Council Ketua Dewan Ekonomi Nasional
  • Nugroho Sulistyo Budi Head of Cyber and Crypto (BSSN) Kepala Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara
  • Muhammad Yusuf Ateh Head of Development Finance Oversight (BPKP) Kepala Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan
  • Amalia Adininggar Widyasanti Head of Statistics Indonesia (BPS) Kepala Badan Pusat Statistik
  • Abdul Kadir Karding Head of the Quarantine Agency Kepala Badan Karantina Indonesia

The Cabinet Secretary, Teddy Indra Wijaya, also sits with the cabinet (no change found after July 2026; single source).

Areas are our grouping for reading, not the coordinating-ministry structure. Roster as of 5 November 2026, after the reshuffles of 2025–2026 (Finance to Suahasil Nazara on 14 September 2026; Foreign Affairs to Arrmanatha Nasir on 1 October 2026; the Presidential Chief of Staff dismissed on 4 November 2026, with an acting successor).

Photos: Amalia Adininggar Widyasanti — Krisna Chandrawisika, CC BY-SA 4.0 . Others public domain. Via Wikimedia Commons.

Kontan: the 49 posts after the reshuffle of 1 October 2026 (press) ↗id.wikipedia: Kabinet Merah Putih (roster, secondary) ↗ Ministry of State Secretariat ↗

The legislature · UUD 1945 Arts. 2–3, 19–22D

One assembly,
two chambers inside it.

732

MPR · People's Consultative Assembly

Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat

Not elected separately: membership follows from the DPR and DPD elections.

  • Amends and enacts the Constitution (a proposal needs 1/3 of members; a session needs 2/3 present; adoption needs 50% + 1 of all members)
  • Inaugurates the President and Vice-President
  • Removes the President or Vice-President, only after the Constitutional Court has upheld the DPR's charge (decision in a session of at least 3/4 of members, by 2/3 of those present)
  • Elects a Vice-President from two names put forward by the President if the office falls vacant
  • Since the 2002 amendments it no longer elects the President or sets the 'Broad Outlines of State Policy' (GBHN)

UUD 1945 Arts. 2, 3, 7B, 8, 37

580

DPR · House of Representatives

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat

Open-list proportional representation in 84 multi-member districts (3–10 seats). Only parties with at least 4% of the national valid vote win seats; seats are shared by Sainte-Laguë (divisors 1, 3, 5, 7…) and go to the candidates with the most personal votes on each list.

  • Holds the power to make laws, jointly with the President (each bill needs both)
  • Approves the state budget (APBN); if it rejects it, last year's budget applies
  • Oversight: questions (interpelasi), inquiry (angket) and statements of opinion; may start impeachment
  • Confirms or selects: MK justices (3), BPK members, KY members, KPU and Bawaslu members, the police chief and armed forces commander, ambassadors (consideration)
  • Works through 13 standing commissions (komisi) mirroring the ministries

UUD 1945 Arts. 19–22B; UU 7/2017 Arts. 186–187, 414–415 (as amended by Perppu 1/2022)

152

DPD · Regional Representative Council

Dewan Perwakilan Daerah

Elected as individuals (no party candidates) by single non-transferable vote: each province elects its four top vote-getters.

  • May propose bills on regional autonomy, centre–region relations, creating or merging regions, natural resources and fiscal balance
  • Takes part in discussing those bills and gives opinions on the budget, tax, education and religion bills
  • Oversees how such laws are applied and reports to the DPR — but cannot pass or block any law

UUD 1945 Arts. 22C–22D

  • PDI-P 110
  • Golkar 102
  • Gerindra 86
  • NasDem 69
  • PKB 68
  • PKS 53
  • PAN 48
  • Demokrat 44

DPR 2024–2029, 580 seats in 84 districts (KPU decree 360/2024 and the seat decrees). The line marks 291, a majority. The Speaker comes from the largest party, PDI-P (MD3 law, UU 17/2014 ↗); members work in standing commissions (komisi) that shadow the ministries. Build a majority →

The MPR, all 732 members of both chambers, meets to amend the Constitution (a proposal needs 244 members; a session 488; adoption 367, Art. 37), to inaugurate the President and to decide an impeachment. The DPD, four senators per province elected without party labels, may propose and discuss bills on the regions but cannot pass or block any law.

How a bill becomes law

Joint approval,
then thirty days.

Since the first amendment the DPR holds the power to make laws (Art. 20(1)), but every bill must be approved jointly by the DPR and the President (20(2)). There is no veto: a President who disagrees withholds approval during the discussion. Once a bill is approved, a President who does not sign it cannot stop it — after 30 days it becomes law anyway (20(5)).

Try it · UUD 1945 Art. 20 · UU 12/2011 Arts. 65–73

From draft to law

DPR plenary
President
After joint approval
  1. 1 Proposal The DPR, the President or, for regional bills, the DPD tables a draft (UUD Arts. 5(1), 21, 22D(1)).
  2. 2 Level I · committee A DPR commission or committee and the government go through the draft clause by clause (the problem inventory, DIM); for regional bills the DPD gives its views (UU 12/2011 Art. 68).
  3. 3 Level II · plenary The DPR plenary and the President, through a minister, decide on joint approval — by consensus, or else by majority vote of the DPR (Art. 69).
  4. 4 Signature The DPR sends the approved bill to the President within 7 days (Art. 72); the President signs it into law (UUD Art. 20(4)).
  5. 5 Promulgation The law is numbered and published in the State Gazette (Lembaran Negara).

UUD 1945 Art. 20 ↗ UU 12/2011 on law-making ↗

Judicial power · UUD 1945 Arts. 24–24C

Two top courts
and a commission.

MA · Supreme Court

Mahkamah Agung

Who Up to 60 justices; Chief Justice Sunarto

Candidates are proposed by the Judicial Commission, approved by the DPR and appointed by the President; the justices elect their own chief.

Term Until retirement age (70)

  • Highest court of cassation over the general, religious, military and administrative courts
  • Reviews regulations below statute against the laws (judicial review of PP, PKPU etc.)
  • Hears disputes over party internal matters and some administrative election disputes

MK · Constitutional Court

Mahkamah Konstitusi

Who 9 justices; Chief Justice Suhartoyo

Three nominated by the President, three by the DPR and three by the Supreme Court; appointed by presidential decree.

Term Until age 70 (UU 24/2003 as amended by UU 7/2020 Art. 23; fixed five-year terms abolished in 2020)

  • Reviews laws against the Constitution (its rulings are final and binding)
  • Decides disputes over election results (presidential, DPR, DPD, DPRD and, since 2014/2022, regional head elections)
  • Rules on the DPR's charge that a President or Vice-President has committed a serious crime or no longer qualifies
  • Decides disputes between state institutions and the dissolution of political parties

KY · Judicial Commission

Komisi Yudisial

Who 7 members (2025–2030); chair Abdul Chair Ramadhan

Selected by the DPR from candidates put forward by the President.

Term 5 years

  • Proposes Supreme Court justices to the DPR
  • Guards the honour and conduct of judges (not Constitutional Court justices)

Nine justices · three, three and three (Art. 24C(3))

Nominated by the President

  1. Saldi Isra Deputy Chief Justice
  2. Enny Nurbaningsih
  3. Daniel Yusmic P. Foekh

Nominated by the DPR

  1. M. Guntur Hamzah
  2. Arsul Sani † since 18 January 2024
  3. Adies Kadir since 5 February 2026

Nominated by the Supreme Court (MA)

  1. Suhartoyo Chief Justice
  2. Ridwan Mansyur † since 8 December 2023
  3. Liliek Prisbawono Adi since 10 April 2026
Justices serve until 70. In 2026 the DPR replaced Arief Hidayat with Adies Kadir and the Supreme Court replaced Anwar Usman with Liliek Prisbawono Adi. † Start date from one source. Tempo ↗ · setneg ↗ · The rulings that rewrote the rules →

Audit and elections · UUD 1945 Arts. 22E, 23E–23G

The auditors
and the referees.

  • BPK · Audit Board

    Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan

    9 members; chair Isma Yatun

    Chosen Chosen by the DPR, after hearing the DPD; inaugurated by the President.

    • Audits all state finances, central and regional, and reports to the DPR, DPD and DPRDs
    • Audits the state aid paid to political parties every year

    UUD 1945 Arts. 23E–23G

  • KPU · General Elections Commission

    Komisi Pemilihan Umum

    7 members (2022–2027); chair Mochammad Afifuddin. Provincial and regency/city KPUs below it, then ad hoc PPK (district), PPS (village) and KPPS (7 people per polling station)

    Chosen A selection panel set up by the President shortlists candidates; the DPR picks the members.

    • Runs national and regional elections: rolls, candidates, ballots, counting and results
    • Issues binding regulations (PKPU) and declares results
    • Constitutionally 'national, permanent and independent' (UUD Art. 22E(5))

    UUD 1945 Art. 22E(5); UU 7/2017 Arts. 6–89

  • Bawaslu · Elections Supervisory Agency

    Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum

    5 members (2022–2027); chair Rahmat Bagja; permanent bodies in every province and regency/city, ad hoc supervisors down to each polling station

    Chosen Same as the KPU: a presidential selection panel, then the DPR.

    • Supervises every stage of the election and handles reports of violations
    • Adjudicates administrative violations and process disputes; in Pilkada its findings bind the KPU (MK 104/PUU-XXIII/2025)
    • Refers election crimes to the joint Gakkumdu centre with police and prosecutors

    UU 7/2017 Arts. 89–158

  • DKPP · Election Organisers' Honour Council

    Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu

    7 members: one each from KPU and Bawaslu, five public figures (2 named by the President, 3 by the DPR)

    Chosen Mixed nomination as above.

    • Hears ethics complaints against KPU and Bawaslu members at every level
    • May warn, suspend or dismiss them — it dismissed KPU chair Hasyim Asy'ari in July 2024

    UU 7/2017 Arts. 155–166

  1. KPU7 members, national
  2. KPU provinsi5–7 members, 38
  3. KPU kabupaten/kota3–5 members, 514
  4. PPKad hoc, each district
  5. PPSad hoc, each village or ward
  6. KPPS7 people at each polling station (TPS)

UU 7/2017 Arts. 10, 52–59. In Aceh the provincial and regency commissions are called KIP. UU 7/2017 ↗

Regional heads · 38 governors

The governors,
sworn in together.

Most governors and their deputies were elected on 27 November 2024 and sworn in together by the President on 20 February 2025. Yogyakarta's governor is the reigning Sultan. Each governor also acts as the central government's representative in the province (UU 23/2014 Art. 91).

Show all 38 governors
  • Muzakir Manaf Aceh · PA Sworn in by the Home Affairs Minister before the Aceh assembly (DPRA).
  • Bobby Nasution North Sumatra · Gerindra
  • Mahyeldi Ansharullah West Sumatra · PKS
  • Abdul Wahid Riau · PKB Governor arrested by the KPK in Nov 2025 and suspended; convicted (4 years on appeal, Oct 2026). Vice-governor SF Hariyanto has been acting governor since 5 Nov 2025.
  • Al Haris Jambi · PAN
  • Herman Deru South Sumatra · NasDem
  • Helmi Hasan Bengkulu · PAN
  • Rahmat Mirzani Djausal Lampung · Gerindra
  • Hidayat Arsani Bangka Belitung Islands · Golkar
  • Ansar Ahmad Riau Islands · Golkar
  • Pramono Anung Jakarta · PDI-P Won with 50.07% in the first round (Jakarta requires more than 50%). Its 5 cities and 1 regency are administrative units headed by appointees.
  • Dedi Mulyadi West Java · Gerindra
  • Ahmad Luthfi Central Java · Gerindra
  • Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X Yogyakarta Special Region Not elected: the reigning Sultan and Duke Paku Alam are confirmed by the DPRD and installed by the President for 5-year terms (UU 13/2012). Current term 2022–2027.
  • Khofifah Indar Parawansa East Java · PKB
  • Andra Soni Banten · Gerindra
  • Wayan Koster Bali · PDI-P
  • Lalu Muhamad Iqbal West Nusa Tenggara · Gerindra
  • Melki Laka Lena East Nusa Tenggara · Golkar
  • Ria Norsan West Kalimantan · Gerindra
  • Agustiar Sabran Central Kalimantan · Gerindra
  • Muhidin South Kalimantan · PAN
  • Rudy Mas'ud East Kalimantan · Golkar Home of the planned capital, Nusantara (IKN), in Penajam Paser Utara; the capital has not yet moved.
  • Zainal Arifin Paliwang North Kalimantan · Gerindra
  • Yulius Selvanus North Sulawesi · Gerindra
  • Anwar Hafid Central Sulawesi · Demokrat
  • Andi Sudirman Sulaiman South Sulawesi · Gerindra
  • Andi Sumangerukka Southeast Sulawesi · Gerindra
  • Gusnar Ismail Gorontalo · Demokrat
  • Suhardi Duka West Sulawesi · Demokrat Vice-governor Salim S. Mengga died on 31 Jan 2026; the post was still vacant in Aug 2026.
  • Hendrik Lewerissa Maluku · Gerindra
  • Sherly Tjoanda North Maluku · Demokrat
  • Mathius Fakhiri Papua · Golkar Elected in the court-ordered re-vote of 6 Aug 2025 (50.4%); an acting governor served until then.
  • Dominggus Mandacan West Papua · NasDem
  • Apolo Safanpo South Papua · Golkar
  • Meki Nawipa Central Papua · PDI-P
  • John Tabo Highland Papua · Golkar
  • Elisa Kambu Southwest Papua · Gerindra

List from Wikipedia ↗ (secondary), checked against setneg and Antara for the exceptions (Riau's acting governor, the Papua re-vote). Party is the governor's own, not the nominating coalition.

Photos: Khofifah Indar Parawansa — Unknown, CC BY 3.0 · Anwar Hafid — Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, CC BY 4.0 · Mathius Fakhiri — Pemerintah Provinsi Papua, CC BY 4.0 · Elisa Kambu — Unknown, CC BY 3.0 . Others public domain. Via Wikimedia Commons.

The Constitution · Undang-Undang Dasar 1945

A 1945 text,
amended four times.

Adopted on 18 August 1945, the day after independence was proclaimed, replaced by federal and provisional constitutions in 1949–1959 and restored by presidential decree on 5 July 1959. After the fall of Suharto the MPR amended it four times in four years, turning a document that concentrated power in the President and the MPR into one of direct elections, a bill of rights and a constitutional court.

  1. 1 19 October 1999

    Limits the President to two five-year terms; moves the main power to make laws from the President to the DPR.

  2. 2 18 August 2000

    Regional autonomy (Art. 18), a long bill of human rights (Arts. 28A–28J), the DPR's powers and the national symbols.

  3. 3 9 November 2001

    Direct election of the President and VP; the DPD; the Constitutional Court and Judicial Commission; impeachment through the MK; elections every five years run by an independent commission.

  4. 4 11 August 2002

    Run-off for the presidency; abolishes the appointed military/police faction and the supreme advisory council (DPA); the MPR becomes only DPR + DPD; rules for future amendments.

The form of the unitary state may not be amended (Art. 37(5)). Officially the 1945 text and the four amendments are separate documents; the consolidated text is the Constitutional Court's edition. UUD 1945, MK pocket edition ↗