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✶ History · 1945–2026 · Sejarah pemilu

Thirteen parliaments,
eight presidents.

Indonesia voted freely in 1955, then not again for 44 years. Under the New Order the same three parties stood six times and Golkar won every time. Since 1999 the rules have been rewritten before almost every election: by statute, by constitutional amendment and, more and more, by the Constitutional Court. The house grew from 257 seats to 580.

Eras · presidents · elections

Eighty years
on one line.

Revolution Revolusi Parliamentary democracy Demokrasi Liberal Guided Democracy Demokrasi Terpimpin New Order Orde Baru Reformasi Reformasi Direct elections Pemilihan langsung
Sukarno Suharto Habibie Wahid Megawati Yudhoyono Jokowi Prabowo
1955 1971 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024

Top: eras as history.ts dates them. Middle: presidents' terms. Bottom: legislative elections. Scroll sideways on a phone.

The DPR at every election · by party family

Strata
of the House.

Four blocs of almost equal weight in 1955; Golkar above 60% of the elected seats from 1971 to 1997, beside a block of appointed officers; then a house where nationalist parties hold about half and Islamic parties about a third. In 2024 the largest party, PDI-P, held 110 of 580 seats.

  1. 1955 † 257
  2. 1971 † 460
  3. 1977 † 460
  4. 1982 † 460
  5. 1987 † 500
  6. 1992 † 500
  7. 1997 † 500
  8. 1999 † 500
  9. 2004 † 550
  10. 2009 † 560
  11. 2014 † 560
  12. 2019 † 575
  13. 2024 580
  • Communist and socialist
  • Nationalist and Pancasila
  • Golkar
  • Christian and Catholic
  • Islamic
  • Other and regional
  • Appointed (armed forces, police)

Right: total seats, appointed included. Families are this site's grouping of each party (src/lib/indonesia/history-view.ts), not party colours. † 1955–2019 seats from English Wikipedia (secondary); 2024 from KPU decrees 1204–1205/2024 and 360/2024.

Every legislative election

Who stood,
who won.

Year Polling day Parties Elected Appointed Turnout Most seats Note
1955 29 Sep 1955 172 257 — 91,54% Indonesian National Party 57 172 parties, organisations and individuals stood; 28 won seats. Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
1971 3 Jul 1971 10 360 100 — Golkar 236 Total DPR: 360 elected, 100 appointed (armed forces and others). Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
1977 2 May 1977 3 360 100 90,93% Golkar 232 360 elected, 100 appointed. Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
1982 4 May 1982 3 360 100 — Golkar 242 Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
1987 23 Apr 1987 3 400 100 91,38% Golkar 299 400 elected, 100 appointed (75 appointed from 1997). Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
1992 9 Jun 1992 3 400 100 — Golkar 282 Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
1997 29 May 1997 3 425 75 — Golkar 325 Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
1999 7 Jun 1999 48 462 38 — PDI-P 153 38 seats reserved for the armed forces and police. Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
2004 5 Apr 2004 24 550 — 84,07% Golkar 128 First DPD election. Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
2009 9 Apr 2009 38 560 — 70,99% Demokrat 148 Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
2014 9 Apr 2014 12 560 — 74,53% PDI-P 109 Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
2019 17 Apr 2019 16 575 — 81,69% PDI-P 128 First simultaneous presidential and legislative election. Wikipedia (secondary) ↗
2024 14 Feb 2024 18 580 — 81,14% PDI-P 110 Plus 6 Aceh local parties. Turnout shown is the presidential ballot. KPU decree ↗

Parties: lists on the national ballot (history.ts; 1955 counts every party, organisation and individual that stood). Turnout: share of registered voters casting a ballot, where the source gives one; for 2024 it is the DPR ballot as KPU's decree prints it (81,14%).

Turnout · 1955–2024

Nine in ten,
then fewer, then more.

Turnout was above 90% in 1955 and in every New Order election with a published figure. It fell after Reformasi, to 70,99% in 2009, and rose again when the presidential and legislative votes were held on one day from 2019.

No figure in the source for 1971, 1982, 1992, 1997, 1999; the line skips those years. 1955–2019 from English Wikipedia (secondary); 2024 KPU.

60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1955: 91,54% 92 1977: 90,93% 91 1987: 91,38% 91 2004: 84,07% 84 2009: 70,99% 71 2014: 74,53% 75 2019: 81,69% 82 2024: 81,14% 81 1955197719992024

Presidents · 8

From the PPKI
to the ballot box.

Until 2004 Presidents took office by the choice of the independence committee or the MPR, or by succession; every President since has been elected by direct popular vote.

  1. 1 · 1945–1967 Sukarno PNI (founder)

    Named by the PPKI (1945); made President for life by the MPRS (1963).

    Stripped of power by the MPRS (1967) after the 1965–66 crisis.

    Vice-President: Mohammad Hatta (1945–1956)

  2. 2 · 1967–1998 Suharto Golkar

    Acting President 1967, then elected by the MPR seven times (1968–1998), unopposed.

    Resigned during the 1998 crisis.

    Vice-Presidents: Hamengkubuwono IX, Adam Malik, Umar Wirahadikusumah, Sudharmono, Try Sutrisno, B. J. Habibie

  3. 3 · 1998–1999 B. J. Habibie Golkar

    Succeeded as Vice-President.

    Withdrew after the MPR rejected his accountability speech (Oct 1999).

  4. 4 · 1999–2001 Abdurrahman Wahid PKB

    Elected by the MPR (373 votes to Megawati's 313).

    Removed by the MPR.

    Vice-President: Megawati Soekarnoputri

  5. 5 · 2001–2004 Megawati Soekarnoputri PDI-P

    Installed by the MPR after Wahid's removal.

    Lost the 2004 direct election.

    Vice-President: Hamzah Haz

  6. 6 · 2004–2014 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Demokrat

    First directly elected President: run-off 2004 (60.6%), first round 2009 (60.8%).

    Two-term limit.

    Vice-Presidents: Jusuf Kalla (2004–2009), Boediono (2009–2014)

  7. 7 · 2014–2024 Joko Widodo PDI-P (to 2024)

    Elected 2014 (53.15%) and 2019 (55.50%), both against Prabowo.

    Two-term limit.

    Vice-Presidents: Jusuf Kalla (2014–2019), Ma'ruf Amin (2019–2024)

  8. 8 · 2024–today Prabowo Subianto Gerindra

    Elected 2024 in the first round (58.59%).

    Vice-President: Gibran Rakabuming Raka

Photos: All public domain. Via Wikimedia Commons.

Acting heads of the emergency government of 1948–49 (Sjafruddin Prawiranegara) and of the Republic within the federation (Assaat, 1949–50) are not counted, as is usual.

Direct presidential elections · 2004–2024

Six rounds,
three Presidents.

A pair wins in the first round with more than half of the vote and at least 20% in more than half the provinces (UUD 1945 Art. 6A); otherwise the top two meet again. Only 2004 needed a second round. Prabowo Subianto was on the ballot in four of the five elections, in 2009 as running mate.

  1. 2004 · first round · 5 July 2004 · turnout 78,23%

    • Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono – Jusuf Kalla · Demokrat 33,57%
    • Megawati Sukarnoputri – Hasyim Muzadi · PDI-P 26,61%
    • Wiranto – Salahuddin Wahid · Golkar 22,15%
    • Amien Rais – Siswono Yudo Husodo · PAN 14,66%
    • Hamzah Haz – Agum Gumelar · PPP 3,01%
    Wikipedia (secondary) ↗

  2. 2004 · run-off · 20 September 2004 · turnout 75,24%

    • Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono – Jusuf Kalla · Demokrat 60,62%
    • Megawati Sukarnoputri – Hasyim Muzadi · PDI-P 39,38%
    Wikipedia (secondary) ↗

  3. 2009 · 8 July 2009 · turnout 72,57%

    • Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono – Boediono · Demokrat 60,80%
    • Megawati Sukarnoputri – Prabowo Subianto · PDI-P 26,79%
    • Jusuf Kalla – Wiranto · Golkar 12,41%
    Wikipedia (secondary) ↗

  4. 2014 · 9 July 2014 · turnout 69,58%

    • Joko Widodo – Jusuf Kalla · PDI-P 53,15%
    • Prabowo Subianto – Hatta Rajasa · Gerindra 46,85%
    Wikipedia (secondary) ↗

  5. 2019 · 17 April 2019 · turnout 81,97%

    • Joko Widodo – Ma'ruf Amin · PDI-P 55,50%
    • Prabowo Subianto – Sandiaga Uno · Gerindra 44,50%
    Wikipedia (secondary) ↗

  6. 2024 · 14 February 2024 · turnout 81,48%

    • Prabowo Subianto – Gibran Rakabuming Raka · Gerindra 58,59%
    • Anies Rasyid Baswedan – Abdul Muhaimin Iskandar 24,95%
    • Ganjar Pranowo – Mohammad Mahfud MD · PDI-P 16,47%
    KPU decree ↗

Photos: All public domain. Via Wikimedia Commons.

The line marks 50%. Party: the presidential candidate's own party as the source lists it; in 2024 tickets were nominated by coalitions, and Anies Baswedan stood without a party of his own. Shares are of valid votes.

Timeline · 32 events

How power
changed hands.

† reported: from standard reference works or a single secondary source, not an official page.

Revolution · 1945–1949

Revolusi

  1. 17 August 1945 · Power Proclamation of independence

    Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaim independence in Jakarta two days after Japan's surrender. The next day the preparatory committee (PPKI) adopts the 1945 Constitution and names them President and Vice-President.

    setneg.go.id ↗pusdik.mkri.id ↗
  2. 27 December 1949 · Power Transfer of sovereignty †

    After four years of war and diplomacy the Netherlands transfers sovereignty to the federal Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS), dissolved into a unitary republic under a provisional constitution in August 1950.

    en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗

Parliamentary democracy · 1950–1959

Demokrasi Liberal

  1. 29 September 1955 · Election The first general election †

    Some 37.8 million voters, about 91% of those registered, elect a 257-seat parliament; a second vote on 15 December 1955 elects the Constituent Assembly (Konstituante). PNI, Masyumi, Nahdlatul Ulama and the PKI take most seats — widely regarded as the freest vote until 1999.

    kpu.go.id ↗en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗

Guided Democracy · 1959–1966

Demokrasi Terpimpin

  1. 5 July 1959 · Constitution Return to the 1945 Constitution

    With the Konstituante deadlocked over a new constitution, Sukarno dissolves it by decree and restores the 1945 text, beginning 'Guided Democracy'. An appointed parliament replaces the elected one in 1960.

    pusdik.mkri.id ↗mpr.go.id ↗
  2. 30 September 1965 · Crisis The 30 September Movement and its aftermath †

    Six army generals are killed in an attempted coup blamed on the PKI. In the months that follow, the army under Suharto takes control, the PKI is banned and destroyed, and mass killings across Java, Bali and Sumatra take hundreds of thousands of lives (estimates vary widely).

    en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗

New Order · 1966–1998

Orde Baru

  1. 11 March 1966 · Power Supersemar †

    Sukarno signs the 11 March Order handing Suharto authority to restore order. The provisional MPR (MPRS) names Suharto acting President in March 1967 and President in March 1968.

    en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗
  2. 3 July 1971 · Election First New Order election †

    Golkar, the regime's 'functional groups' organisation, wins 62.8% of the vote. It would win every election until 1997, never with less than 62%.

    kpu.go.id ↗en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗
  3. 5 January 1973 · Rules Nine parties fused into two †

    The government fuses the four Islamic parties into the United Development Party (PPP, 5 Jan 1973) and the nationalist and Christian parties into the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI, 10 Jan 1973). From 1977 to 1997 only PPP, Golkar and PDI may contest elections.

    en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗
  4. 27 July 1996 · Crisis The 27 July incident †

    Government-backed forces storm PDI's Jakarta headquarters, held by supporters of Megawati Soekarnoputri, whom the regime had ousted as party leader. Her faction later becomes PDI-Perjuangan.

    en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗

Reformasi · 1998–2004

Reformasi

  1. 21 May 1998 · Power Suharto resigns

    After the Asian financial crisis, student protests, the Trisakti shootings (12 May) and riots in Jakarta and other cities, Suharto resigns after 32 years. Vice-President B. J. Habibie becomes President and opens the way to free parties and press.

    mpr.go.id ↗
  2. 7 June 1999 · Election The first free election since 1955 †

    48 parties compete. PDI-P wins 33.7%, Golkar 22.4%, PKB 12.6%. In October the MPR elects Abdurrahman Wahid (PKB) President over Megawati, who becomes Vice-President.

    kpu.go.id ↗en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗
  3. 30 August 1999 · Power East Timor popular consultation †

    In a UN-organised vote, 78.5% of East Timorese choose independence over special autonomy; violence follows. The MPR revokes the 1978 integration decree in October 1999 and Timor-Leste becomes independent on 20 May 2002.

    en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗
  4. 19 October 1999 · Constitution First constitutional amendment

    The first of four amendments (1999–2002) limits the President to two terms and moves the power to make laws to the DPR.

    pusdik.mkri.id ↗mpr.go.id ↗
  5. 23 July 2001 · Power Wahid removed, Megawati President

    The MPR removes Abdurrahman Wahid in a special session and installs Megawati Soekarnoputri, the first woman to be President; Hamzah Haz becomes Vice-President.

    mpr.go.id ↗
  6. 11 August 2002 · Constitution Fourth amendment: direct presidential elections

    Completing the third amendment (2001), the President and Vice-President will be elected directly, with a run-off; the MPR becomes the DPR plus a new elected Regional Representative Council (DPD); appointed military and police seats end.

    pusdik.mkri.id ↗mpr.go.id ↗
  7. 13 August 2003 · Constitution Constitutional Court opens

    Created by the third amendment and UU 24/2003, the nine-justice court begins work; it soon becomes the arbiter of election disputes.

    mkri.id ↗

Direct elections · 2004–today

Pemilihan langsung

  1. 5 April 2004 · Election First DPD election and first direct presidential vote †

    Legislative elections (with the first DPD) on 5 April are followed by the first direct presidential election on 5 July; Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Jusuf Kalla defeat Megawati in the 20 September run-off with 60.6%.

    kpu.go.id ↗en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗
  2. 1 June 2005 · Rules Regional heads directly elected †

    Under UU 32/2004, governors, regents and mayors are chosen by voters instead of by the DPRDs, from June 2005 (the first in Kutai Kartanegara).

    en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗
  3. 1 August 2006 · Rules Aceh's local parties

    After the 2005 Helsinki peace agreement, UU 11/2006 on the Government of Aceh lets residents form local political parties — the only province where they may.

    pasal.id ↗
  4. 9 April 2009 · Rules First parliamentary threshold: 2.5% †

    Parties need 2.5% of the national vote to win DPR seats (UU 10/2008). Nine parties qualify. An MK ruling of December 2008 makes seat allocation within lists follow candidates' personal votes — the open list in its present form.

    en.wikipedia.org (secondary) ↗
  5. 23 January 2014 · Rules Court orders simultaneous elections

    MK ruling 14/PUU-XI/2013 requires the President and the legislatures to be elected on the same day from 2019. That year's threshold is 3.5% (UU 8/2012); Joko Widodo wins the presidency in July 2014.

    hukumonline.com ↗
  6. 9 December 2015 · Election First wave of simultaneous regional elections

    264 regions vote on one day (5 more later), starting the waves of 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2020 that led to a single nationwide date in 2024.

    setkab.go.id ↗
  7. 17 April 2019 · Election The five-ballot election

    President, DPR, DPD and both DPRD levels are elected on one day, under a 4% threshold (UU 7/2017). The workload is blamed for the deaths of 894 polling-station workers, with 5,175 falling ill (KPU count). Jokowi is re-elected over Prabowo.

    health.detik.com ↗
  8. 25 July 2022 · Rules Papua divided into six provinces †

    Laws creating South Papua, Central Papua and Highland Papua (UU 14, 15 and 16/2022) and, in December, Southwest Papua (UU 29/2022) take the count of provinces to 38; Perppu 1/2022 raises the DPR to 580 seats to give them districts.

    pasal.id ↗
  9. 16 October 2023 · Rules The age ruling

    MK ruling 90/PUU-XXI/2023 lets candidates under 40 run if they hold or have held elected office, clearing Gibran Rakabuming Raka to be Prabowo's running mate.

    mkri.id ↗
  10. 14 February 2024 · Election Prabowo wins in the first round

    Prabowo Subianto and Gibran win 58.59% against Anies Baswedan–Muhaimin Iskandar (24.95%) and Ganjar Pranowo–Mahfud MD (16.47%); turnout 81.48% (KPU decree 1043/2024). PDI-P tops the DPR vote for a third time; eight parties pass 4%.

    babel.antaranews.com ↗
  11. 22 August 2024 · Crisis 'Peringatan Darurat' protests

    Protests under the 'emergency warning' banner stop a DPR attempt to override MK rulings 60 and 70 on regional elections a day after the legislation body approved it.

    kabar24.bisnis.com ↗
  12. 20 October 2024 · Power Prabowo inaugurated

    Prabowo is sworn in before the MPR and names the 'Red and White Cabinet' the next day; every party in the DPR except PDI-P joins or backs the government.

    presidenri.go.id ↗
  13. 27 November 2024 · Election First nationwide simultaneous Pilkada

    545 regions — 37 provinces (all but Yogyakarta), 415 regencies and 93 cities — elect their heads on one day. Prabowo swears in 961 of the winners together at the palace on 20 Feb 2025.

    cnnindonesia.com ↗setneg.go.id ↗
  14. 2 January 2025 · Rules Presidential threshold struck down

    MK ruling 62/PUU-XXII/2024 ends the 20%-of-seats rule for nominating a presidential ticket.

    mkri.id ↗
  15. 26 June 2025 · Rules National and local elections to be split

    MK ruling 135/PUU-XXII/2024 orders local elections (DPRDs and regional heads) 2 to 2½ years after the national ones, from the 2029 cycle.

    mkri.id ↗
  16. 28 August 2025 · Crisis Protests over MPs' allowances †

    Protests against a Rp 50 million monthly housing allowance for DPR members spread nationwide after a delivery driver is killed by a police vehicle in Jakarta. The DPR ends the allowance from 31 Aug 2025; a Sept 8 reshuffle follows.

    kabar24.bisnis.com ↗

Rules over time

From quotas
to divisors.

Seats were shared by quota (the bilangan pembagi pemilih, BPP: valid votes ÷ seats, then largest remainders) from 2004 to 2014, and by Sainte-Laguë since 2019. A national vote threshold arrived in 2009 and has risen twice. Re-run 2024 under the old rules in the seat lab →

DPR threshold: 2009 UU 10/2008 art. 202(1); 2014 UU 8/2012 art. 208 (DPR only after MK 52/PUU-X/2012); 2019 UU 7/2017 art. 414(1); 2024 UU 7/2017 art. 414(1); MK 116/PUU-XXI/2023.

YearsSeat formulaThresholdNote
1955 † Proportional, by region none One vote for the DPR and one for the Konstituante; 257 seats elected.
1971–1997 † Proportional by province; 3 parties from 1977 none Appointed armed-forces seats beside the elected ones (100, then 75 in 1997).
1999 † Proportional by province none for seats 48 parties; 38 appointed seats for the armed forces and police.
2004–2014 Hare quota (BPP) and largest remainders, by district none in 2004; 2,5% (2009), 3,5% (2014) Open lists; since MK 22-24/PUU-VI/2008 seats go to the candidates with most personal votes.
2019–2024 Sainte-Laguë (divisors 1, 3, 5, 7 …), by district 4% UU 7/2017 Arts. 414–415; 84 districts of 3–10 seats in 2024.
  1. 1973 Parties fused into PPP and PDI beside Golkar † Government policy; UU 3/1975
  2. 1999 Free party formation; 48 parties on the ballot † UU 2/1999, UU 3/1999
  3. 2004 Direct presidential election; DPD; appointed military seats end UUD 3rd–4th amendments; UU 23/2003
  4. 2005 Regional heads directly elected UU 32/2004
  5. 2009 2.5% DPR threshold; most-votes open list † UU 10/2008; MK 22-24/PUU-VI/2008
  6. 2014 3.5% DPR threshold † UU 8/2012
  7. 2015 Regional elections in simultaneous waves UU 8/2015
  8. 2019 Presidential and legislative elections on one day; 4% threshold; Sainte-Laguë MK 14/PUU-XI/2013; UU 7/2017
  9. 2024 All regional heads elected on one day (27 Nov) UU 10/2016 Art. 201(8)
  10. 2029 (next election) No presidential nomination threshold MK 62/PUU-XXII/2024
  11. 2029 (next election) National elections only; local ones 2–2½ years later MK 135/PUU-XXII/2024

The Court and the rules · Mahkamah Konstitusi

A court that
rewrote the rules.

Since 2003 the Constitutional Court has reviewed election laws on petition from any citizen. Its rulings are final. In less than two years it struck down the presidential nomination threshold, ordered the 4% threshold redesigned, changed the age rule that let Gibran Rakabuming Raka run, and split national from local elections from 2029.

  1. 23 January 2014 · 14/PUU-XI/2013 · Partly granted Presidential and legislative elections on the same day

    Holding presidential elections three months after the legislative ones was unconstitutional: the Constitution's single 'general election' (Art. 22E) covers both.

    From 2019 the President, DPR, DPD and DPRDs are elected on one day — the five-ballot election first held on 17 Apr 2019.

    hukumonline.com ↗
  2. 16 October 2023 · 90/PUU-XXI/2023 · Partly granted Under-40s may run if they have held elected office

    The minimum age of 40 for presidential and vice-presidential candidates (UU 7/2017 Art. 169(q)) now reads 'at least 40, or holding or having held an office won in an election, including regional head'.

    Let Surakarta mayor Gibran Rakabuming Raka (36), the sitting President's son, run as Prabowo's running mate. The court's Honour Council (MKMK, 2/MKMK/L/11/2023, 7 Nov 2023) found that Chief Justice Anwar Usman, Gibran's uncle, had seriously breached ethics by sitting, and removed him as chief (he stayed a justice).

    Fractured: three justices for the holding, two concurring on narrower grounds (governors only), four dissenting (incl. Saldi Isra).

    Ruling (PDF, mkri.id) ↗ mkri.id ↗
  3. 29 November 2023 · 141/PUU-XXI/2023 · Rejected Challenge to the new age rule rejected †

    Asked the court to narrow ruling 90 to governors; eight justices (without Anwar Usman) declined.

    Ruling 90 stood for the 2024 election.

    mkri.id ↗
  4. 29 February 2024 · 116/PUU-XXI/2023 · Partly granted The 4% parliamentary threshold must be redesigned before 2029

    The 4% national vote threshold for DPR seats (UU 7/2017 Art. 414(1)) is constitutional for the 2024 election, and for 2029 onward only if lawmakers change it, with a rational method for the percentage that limits wasted votes.

    2024 seats were allocated with 4% (17.3 million votes, 11.4%, went to parties below it). As of Nov 2026 the law has not been changed; a new challenge was called premature in 131/PUU-XXIII/2025 (16 Oct 2025).

    Eight justices, unanimous (Anwar Usman did not sit).

    Ruling (PDF, mkri.id) ↗ mkri.id ↗
  5. 22 April 2024 · 1/PHPU.PRES-XXII/2024 · Rejected Anies–Muhaimin challenge to the presidential result

    Claimed abuse of state power, social-aid handouts and the MK 90 nomination tainted the vote; asked for Prabowo–Gibran's disqualification and a re-run.

    Result stood; KPU declared Prabowo–Gibran elected two days later (24 Apr 2024).

    5–3: Saldi Isra, Enny Nurbaningsih and Arief Hidayat dissented and would have ordered re-votes in some regions — the first dissents in a presidential dispute.

    Ruling (PDF, mkri.id) ↗ en.mkri.id ↗
  6. 22 April 2024 · 2/PHPU.PRES-XXII/2024 · Rejected Ganjar–Mahfud challenge to the presidential result

    Similar claims of state interference; rejected in full the same day.

    Result stood.

    5–3, same three dissents.

    Ruling (PDF, mkri.id) ↗
  7. 20 August 2024 · 60/PUU-XXII/2024 · Partly granted Lower nomination thresholds for regional elections

    Replaced the rule that a party or coalition needs 20% of DPRD seats or 25% of votes to nominate a regional head with 6.5–10% of valid votes, tiered by the size of the voter roll; parties without DPRD seats may nominate.

    Opened the November 2024 Pilkada — notably Jakarta — to more tickets after large coalitions had threatened to leave single candidates against the empty box.

    Dissent by M. Guntur Hamzah.

    mkri.id ↗
  8. 20 August 2024 · 70/PUU-XXII/2024 · Rejected Candidate age is counted when the KPU sets the candidates

    The petition was formally rejected, but the court's reasoning held that every requirement, including the minimum age (30 for governor, 25 for regent/mayor), must be met when the KPU determines the candidates — not at inauguration, as a Supreme Court ruling (May 2024) had allowed.

    Ended talk of a run for governor by the President's younger son Kaesang Pangarep (29). On 21 Aug 2024 the DPR's legislation body approved a Pilkada bill that would have sidestepped rulings 60 and 70; after the 'Peringatan Darurat' (emergency warning) protests of 22 Aug the plenary lacked a quorum and the bill was dropped. The KPU wrote both rulings into its candidacy rules (PKPU 10/2024), approved by DPR Commission II on 25 Aug.

    mkri.id ↗
  9. 14 November 2024 · 126/PUU-XXII/2024 · Partly granted If the empty box wins, the election is re-run †

    In single-candidate regional elections, voters choose between the ticket and an empty box (kotak kosong). If the box wins, a new election must follow rather than waiting for the next cycle.

    Applied to Bangka and Pangkalpinang, where the box won in Nov 2024 (exact re-run deadline reported differently).

    literasihukum.com ↗
  10. 2 January 2025 · 62/PUU-XXII/2024 · Granted Presidential nomination threshold struck down

    Art. 222 of UU 7/2017 — a party or coalition needed 20% of DPR seats or 25% of the national vote to nominate a presidential ticket — is unconstitutional in full, after more than 30 earlier challenges failed.

    Every participating party may nominate a pair. The court set guidelines for lawmakers: no percentage threshold; coalitions must not be so large they limit choice; a party that nominates no one may be barred from the next election; changes need meaningful public participation. Not yet written into law (Nov 2026).

    Two dissents (Anwar Usman, Daniel Yusmic P. Foekh) on standing.

    Ruling (PDF, mkri.id) ↗ en.mkri.id ↗
  11. 24 February 2025 · PHPU Kada 2025 (40 rulings) · Partly granted Re-votes ordered in 24 regions after the 2024 Pilkada

    Of 40 regional result disputes heard on the merits, 26 were granted: re-votes (PSU) in 24 regions, one recount, one correction. Several candidates were disqualified.

    Re-votes ran from 22 Mar to 19 Apr 2025, with Papua's governor race and Boven Digoel on 6 Aug 2025 (and a second Barito Utara re-vote the same day after case 313/PHPU.BUP-XXIII/2025 disqualified both tickets for vote-buying).

    m.antaranews.com ↗
  12. 26 June 2025 · 135/PUU-XXII/2024 · Partly granted National and local elections split from 2029

    UU 7/2017 Arts. 167(3) and 347(1) and UU 8/2015 Art. 3(1) are conditionally unconstitutional. The President, DPR and DPD are elected together; provincial and regency/city assemblies and all regional heads are elected together at least 2 years and at most 2 years 6 months after the national officials are sworn in.

    Ends the five-ballot day after 2024. 2029 will elect only the President, DPR and DPD; local elections follow around late 2031 – early 2032, so sitting DPRD terms will need a transitional extension that lawmakers have not yet set (Nov 2026).

    Unanimous.

    Ruling (PDF, mkri.id) ↗
  13. 30 July 2025 · 104/PUU-XXIII/2025 · Granted Bawaslu's Pilkada findings bind the KPU

    Bawaslu's 'recommendations' on administrative violations in regional elections (UU 1/2015 Art. 140(1)) must be read as binding decisions, as in national elections.

    Aligns Pilkada oversight with the general election.

    mkri.id ↗
  14. 25 May 2026 · 128/PUU-XXIV/2026 · Partly granted 30% women on candidate lists becomes enforceable

    A party that fails to put at least 30% women on its list in an electoral district can be barred from that district (UU 7/2017 Art. 245).

    Applies from 2029; to be written into the election-law revision.

    mkri.id ↗
  15. 29 June 2026 · 195/PUU-XXIV/2026 · Inadmissible Regional elections remain direct

    A petition to have regional heads chosen by the DPRDs instead of by voters was dismissed for lack of standing; the court restated that Pilkada is currently held by direct vote.

    No change; DPRD election of regional heads remains only a political proposal.

    mkri.id ↗

Case numbers in the court's style: PUU = review of a law, PHPU = result dispute; the Roman numeral is the year of registration (XXI = 2023, XXII = 2024). How the court is composed →