Indonesians elect the House of Representatives (DPR) by open-list
proportional representation (sistem proporsional terbuka, art. 168(2)).
The country is cut into 84 electoral districts (daerah pemilihan, dapil) of 3 to 10 seats. A party
needs 4% of the national vote to win any; inside each dapil the seats are shared by Sainte-Laguë, and then go to
the party's candidates with the most personal votes. Below are the KPU's certified 2024 figures: change a rule and
watch the House move.
— seats for the largest party · 291 for a majority
Threshold
—
Votes for no seat
—
Gallagher index
—
Effective parties (seats)
—
Party
National vote
Seats
vs 2024
Parties below 4% are now counted, but in 11 dapil (Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Tenggara, Gorontalo, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Papua, Papua Selatan, Papua Tengah, Papua Pegunungan, Papua Barat, Papua Barat Daya) the
KPU sheet that lists them is a scanned image, so their votes there are missing here. Their seats are slightly understated;
the national-pool view uses complete national totals.
Dapil where the result changes
Votes: KPU decree 1205/2024 (Lampiran I) for the eight parties over 4%, decree 360/2024 for the others;
151.793.293 valid votes nationally (decree 1204/2024). With the law as it is the lab reproduces the
certified seats in every dapil. In 11 dapil the votes of parties under 4% are not in our snapshot (the
annex sheet is an image); that matters only when the threshold is lowered.
From ballot to seat · 2024
From 151.793.293 votes to 580 members.
1 · The ballot
The DPR ballot shows every party with its numbered list of candidates for that dapil. A voter punches
(coblos) one party, one candidate, or a candidate and their party. A vote for a candidate also
counts for the party; the party total decides how many seats it wins, the candidate votes decide who takes them.
A party must win at least 4% of all valid votes nationally (ambang batas parlemen) to take part
in the share-out of DPR seats anywhere: 6.071.732 votes in 2024.
Eight of the eighteen national parties passed. The other ten took 17.304.168 votes
(11,4%), which elected no one; PPP missed by 0,13% of the vote, with
3,87%, and is out of the House for the first time since it was founded in 1973.
In each dapil, each qualifying party's votes are divided by 1, then 3, 5, 7 and so on
(bilangan pembagi 1 dan diikuti secara berurutan oleh bilangan ganjil 3; 5; 7). The quotients are
ranked and the seats go to the largest, one by one, until the dapil's seats are used up. KPU rounds each quotient to
two decimals (PKPU 6/2024 art. 13).
Odd divisors treat large and small parties more evenly than D'Hondt's 1, 2, 3.
A party's seats in a dapil go to its candidates in order of personal votes (suara terbanyak), not
in the order the party printed them. In 2024, 373 of the 580 were number 1 on their list, and 153 were elected from a place lower than the number of seats their party won there:
a closed list would not have seated them. The most votes for any member: Mh. Said Abdullah, 528.815
(Jawa Timur); the fewest, Kristosimus Yohanes Agawemu with 19.267.
If a winner dies, resigns or no longer qualifies before taking the seat, it passes to the party's next-best candidate
in the same dapil. That happened 8 times before the swearing-in on 1 October 2024; later replacements
during the term (penggantian antarwaktu) follow the same order.
Inside one dapil
The quotient table, seat by seat.
Pick any dapil. Each cell is a party's votes divided by a divisor; the numbered cells won seats, in that order. The
solid outline is the last seat awarded, the dashed one the best quotient that missed out. The table opens on the
closest last seat of 2024.
Who took the seats (most personal votes on the party's list, art. 422)
Same 2024 votes, other rules
Until 2014, the BPP.
From 2004 to 2014 seats were shared by a quota, the bilangan pembagi pemilih (BPP): a dapil's valid
votes for the qualifying parties divided by its seats. Each party took one seat per full quota, and the seats left went
to the largest remainders (the Hare method; UU 8/2012 art. 212).
UU 7/2017 replaced it with Sainte-Laguë from 2019. Exact proportionality among the eight qualifying parties would give each
580 × its share of their votes.
Party
Vote
Exact
Sainte-Laguë (law)
Hare / BPP
D'Hondt
No threshold
One national pool
PDI-P
16,72%
109,5
110
112
128
103
109
Golkar
15,29%
100,1
102
101
116
100
100
Gerindra
13,22%
86,6
86
87
94
86
87
NasDem
9,66%
63,2
69
68
63
65
63
PKB
10,62%
69,5
68
69
70
66
70
PKS
8,42%
55,1
53
53
42
51
55
PAN
7,24%
47,4
48
47
31
48
47
Demokrat
7,43%
48,7
44
43
36
43
49
PPP
3,87%
—
0
0
0
12
0
PSI
2,81%
—
0
0
0
5
0
Perindo
1,29%
—
0
0
0
1
0
D'Hondt would have handed the three largest parties 40 more seats; the
Hare quota lands close to Sainte-Laguë. Without the threshold, PPP 12, PSI 5, Perindo 1 would have won seats (counting dapil votes; the
11 dapil without minor-party figures make this a lower bound).
Women on the lists
One in three, by law.
Every party's list of candidates must be at least 30% women
(art. 245), and in every three names on the list there must be at
least one woman (art. 246(2)), the so-called zipper. The quota governs who is on the ballot, not who is elected: with open lists, voters'
personal votes decide.
The KPU's decrees of members-elect do not record gender, so this site does not count the women elected.
1any candidate
2any candidate
3woman at the latest here
4any candidate
5any candidate
6woman at the latest here
7any candidate
8any candidate
9woman at the latest here
The minimum: one woman in each block of three
The other ballots
Four senators a province, no threshold below.
Regional Representative Council · DPD
Each of the 38 provinces elects four members, 152 in all (art. 196),
by a "multi-member district system" (art. 168(3)): candidates run
as individuals, not for parties, every voter marks one, and the four with the most votes win
(art. 423), a single non-transferable vote. The fifth to eighth
become the reserves.
2024: 669 candidates. The biggest vote, Alfiansyah Komeng in Jawa Barat, 5.399.699; the
tightest fourth place, Sulawesi Tenggara, by 364 votes. All 152.
Provincial and local assemblies · DPRD
The same open lists and Sainte-Laguë divisors (art. 415(3)), in dapil
of 3 to 12 seats (arts. 189, 192),
but with no threshold: every party takes part in the share-out (art. 414(2)).
A party shut out of the DPR can still hold seats in a province or regency.
President and vice-president
The whole country is one constituency (art. 168(1)). A ticket wins
outright with more than half the vote and at least 20% in more than half the provinces; otherwise the top two go to a
run-off. Who may nominate a ticket is on the coalition page.
The threshold over time
From 2,5% to 4%.
2,5%2009UU 10/2008 art. 202(1)
3,5%2014UU 8/2012 art. 208 (DPR only after MK 52/PUU-X/2012)
In ruling 116/PUU-XXI/2023 (2024), the
Constitutional Court held the 4% figure constitutional for the 2024 election, but for 2029 and after only if lawmakers
redesign it, with a rational method for the percentage that limits wasted votes. As of November 2026 the election law
had not been changed.